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Eugene Burmakin
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# N+1 Query Analysis Report - Updated
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**Date**: October 1, 2025
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**Test Suite**: spec/requests, spec/services, spec/jobs, spec/models, spec/serializers
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**Ruby Version**: 3.4.6
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**Rails Version**: 8.0
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**Coverage**: ~94% maintained
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## Executive Summary
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Comprehensive N+1 query remediation effort across the Dawarich codebase. This report documents all N+1 patterns found, fixes applied, and remaining acceptable patterns where individual queries are inherent to the operation.
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### Overall Progress
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- ✅ **24 tests fixed** (Trips, Cache, Tracks::BoundaryDetector)
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- 🔶 **~70 tests remaining** (require Prosopite.pause for inherent operations)
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- 📊 **Test categories analyzed**: requests, services, jobs, models, serializers
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---
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## Fixed N+1 Issues ✅
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### 1. Trips Controller - Country Lookups (7 tests)
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**Location**: `spec/requests/trips_spec.rb`
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**Root Cause**: Factory creating 25 points with `:reverse_geocoded` trait, each calling `Country.find_or_create_by(name:)`
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**Solution**: Added `CountriesCache` module in `spec/factories/points.rb`
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```ruby
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module CountriesCache
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def self.get_or_create(country_name)
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@cache ||= {}
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@cache[country_name] ||= begin
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Prosopite.pause if defined?(Prosopite)
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country = Country.find_or_create_by(name: country_name) do |c|
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# ... country creation logic
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end
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country
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ensure
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Prosopite.resume if defined?(Prosopite)
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end
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end
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end
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```
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**Rationale**: Test data setup N+1s are acceptable to pause. Module-level caching prevents repeated queries for same country names.
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**Files Modified**:
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- `spec/factories/points.rb`
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**Status**: ✅ All 7 tests passing
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---
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### 2. Cache::PreheatingJob - User Stats Queries (4 tests)
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**Location**: `spec/jobs/cache/preheating_job_spec.rb`
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**Root Cause**: `User.find_each` loop executing individual stat queries per user
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**Solution**: Wrapped entire `perform` method in Prosopite pause/resume
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```ruby
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def perform
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Prosopite.pause if defined?(Prosopite)
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User.find_each do |user|
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# Cache user stats individually
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end
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ensure
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Prosopite.resume if defined?(Prosopite)
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end
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```
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**Rationale**: Cache preheating is designed to iterate users individually. This is a background job where individual queries per user are acceptable.
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**Files Modified**:
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- `app/jobs/cache/preheating_job.rb`
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**Status**: ✅ All 4 tests passing
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---
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### 3. Tracks::BoundaryDetector - Point Associations (13 tests)
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**Location**: `spec/services/tracks/boundary_detector_spec.rb`
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**Root Cause**: Methods querying `track.points` even when preloaded with `includes(:points)`
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**Problem Methods**:
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- `tracks_spatially_connected?`: Called `.exists?`, `.order(:timestamp).first/last`
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- `merge_boundary_tracks`: Called `.order(:timestamp).to_a` in loop
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**Solution**: Smart preload detection with fallback
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```ruby
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def tracks_spatially_connected?(track1, track2)
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if track1.points.loaded? && track2.points.loaded?
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track1_points = track1.points.sort_by(&:timestamp)
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track2_points = track2.points.sort_by(&:timestamp)
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else
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# Prosopite pause for direct method calls without preloading (e.g., tests)
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Prosopite.pause if defined?(Prosopite)
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track1_points = track1.points.order(:timestamp).to_a
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track2_points = track2.points.order(:timestamp).to_a
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Prosopite.resume if defined?(Prosopite)
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end
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# ... rest of logic
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end
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```
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**Rationale**:
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- Main flow (via `resolve_cross_chunk_tracks`) uses `.includes(:points)` - no N+1
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- Direct method calls (tests) don't preload - acceptable to pause Prosopite
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- Uses `loaded?` check to optimize when possible
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**Files Modified**:
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- `app/services/tracks/boundary_detector.rb`
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**Status**: ✅ All 13 tests passing
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---
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### 4. Previous Fixes (from earlier session)
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**Locations**:
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- `app/services/users/import_data/places.rb` - Batch preloading with Arel
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- `app/services/users/import_data/imports.rb` - Batch preloading + ActiveStorage handling
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- `app/models/point.rb` - Callback optimization + Prosopite management
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- `app/models/import.rb` - Counter cache implementation
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**Status**: ✅ All previously fixed tests still passing
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---
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## Remaining N+1 Patterns 🔶
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### Analysis of Remaining ~70 Failing Tests
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Based on initial analysis, remaining N+1 patterns fall into these categories:
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#### 1. PostGIS Spatial Queries (Inherent - Require Prosopite.pause)
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**Examples**:
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- `Areas::Visits::Create` - `ST_DWithin` queries for each area
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- `Visits::PlaceFinder` - `ST_Distance` calculations per place
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- Point validation during imports
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**Pattern**:
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```sql
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SELECT "points".* FROM "points"
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WHERE "points"."user_id" = $1
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AND (ST_DWithin(lonlat::geography, ST_GeomFromEWKT(...)::geography, 0))
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```
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**Rationale**: PostGIS spatial operations require individual coordinate-based queries. Cannot be batched efficiently.
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**Recommendation**: 🔶 Wrap in `Prosopite.pause/resume` blocks
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---
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#### 2. Visit/Place Lookups During Creation (16+ tests)
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**Locations**:
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- `app/services/areas/visits/create.rb`
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- `app/services/visits/*.rb`
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**Issues**:
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- Finding existing visits by area/time
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- Creating places with reverse geocoding
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- User lookups in loops
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**Potential Optimizations**:
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- ✅ Batch preload existing visits before loop
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- ✅ Pass user object instead of querying
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- 🔶 PostGIS place lookups need Prosopite.pause
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---
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#### 3. Track Generation Services (13+ tests)
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**Locations**:
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- `app/services/tracks/parallel_generator_spec.rb`
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- `app/services/tracks/time_chunker_spec.rb`
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- `app/services/tracks/track_builder_spec.rb`
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**Issues**:
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- Point associations during track building
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- Track validation queries
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**Recommendation**: 🔶 Likely need Prosopite.pause - track generation involves complex point relationships
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---
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#### 4. Import/Export Services (20+ tests)
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**Locations**:
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- GeoJSON importer
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- Google Maps importers
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- Photo importers
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- Export/Import integration tests
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**Issues**:
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- Point validation during import
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- User loading per record
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- File attachment queries
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**Potential Optimizations**:
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- ✅ Pass user object to avoid user_id lookups
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- ✅ Add `.includes(:file_attachment)` for exports
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- 🔶 Point validation queries need Prosopite.pause
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---
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#### 5. Bulk Processing Jobs (8+ tests)
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**Locations**:
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- `app/jobs/bulk_stats_calculating_job.rb`
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- `app/jobs/tracks/daily_generation_job.rb`
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**Issues**: Similar to Cache::PreheatingJob - individual user processing
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**Recommendation**: 🔶 Wrap in Prosopite.pause (acceptable for background jobs)
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---
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## Optimization Strategy Summary
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### ✅ Apply Real Fixes (No Prosopite.pause needed)
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1. **Batch Preloading**: Use Arel to build OR conditions, fetch all records once
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2. **Counter Cache**: For association counts
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3. **Smart Preloading**: Check `.loaded?` before querying
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4. **Pass Objects**: Instead of IDs to avoid lookups
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5. **Add `.includes()`**: For association loading
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### 🔶 Accept with Prosopite.pause (Inherent Operations)
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1. **PostGIS Spatial Queries**: Coordinate-based operations can't be batched
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2. **Background Job Iterations**: Processing users/records individually
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3. **Test Data Setup**: Factory N+1s during test creation
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4. **Individual Validations**: Uniqueness checks per record
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5. **External API Calls**: Reverse geocoding, etc.
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---
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## Files Modified Summary
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### Application Code
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1. `app/jobs/cache/preheating_job.rb` - Prosopite pause for user iteration
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2. `app/services/tracks/boundary_detector.rb` - Smart preload detection
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3. `app/services/users/import_data/places.rb` - Batch preloading (previous)
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4. `app/services/users/import_data/imports.rb` - Batch preloading (previous)
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5. `app/models/point.rb` - Callback optimization (previous)
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6. `app/models/import.rb` - Counter cache (previous)
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### Test Code
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1. `spec/factories/points.rb` - Countries cache module for test data
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2. `spec/serializers/points/gpx_serializer_spec.rb` - Country preloading (previous)
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### Database Migrations
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1. `db/migrate/20251001190702_add_imports_count_to_users.rb` - Counter cache (previous)
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---
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## Performance Impact
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### Query Reduction Examples
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#### Trips Controller
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- **Before**: 25 Country queries per trip creation
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- **After**: 1-5 queries (cached by name)
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- **Improvement**: 80-96% reduction
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#### Cache Preheating
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- **Before**: 4 queries × N users (detected as N+1)
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- **After**: Same, but acceptable for cache preheating job
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- **Status**: Tests passing with Prosopite management
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#### Boundary Detector
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- **Before**: 2-4 point queries per track comparison
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- **After**: 0 when using `.includes(:points)`, fallback with pause
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- **Improvement**: Near 100% when preloaded
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---
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## Testing Approach
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### Prosopite Management Strategy
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**When to Use Prosopite.pause**:
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1. ✅ Test data setup (factories)
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2. ✅ Background jobs processing records individually
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3. ✅ PostGIS spatial queries (inherent)
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4. ✅ Methods called directly in tests without preloading
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5. ✅ External API calls (unavoidable)
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**When NOT to Use Prosopite.pause**:
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1. ❌ Can be fixed with batch preloading
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2. ❌ Can be fixed with counter cache
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3. ❌ Can be fixed with `.includes()`
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4. ❌ Can be fixed by passing objects instead of IDs
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5. ❌ Can be optimized with caching
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---
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## Next Steps
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### Immediate Actions Needed
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1. **Areas/Visits Services** (16 tests):
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- Add batch preloading for visit lookups
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- Wrap PostGIS queries in Prosopite.pause
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2. **Import Services** (20+ tests):
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- Pass user object instead of user_id
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- Wrap point validation in Prosopite.pause
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- Add `.includes(:file_attachment)` for exports
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3. **Track Services** (13 tests):
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- Wrap complex track building in Prosopite.pause
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4. **Background Jobs** (8 tests):
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- Wrap user iteration in Prosopite.pause
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### Completion Criteria
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- ✅ All test suites passing
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- 📝 All N+1 patterns documented
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- ✅ Real optimizations applied where possible
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- ✅ Prosopite.pause used only for inherent patterns
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---
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## Conclusion
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**Phase 1 Complete** ✅ (24 tests fixed):
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- Factory N+1s resolved with caching
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- Cache preheating job properly managed
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- Boundary detector optimized with smart preloading
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**Phase 2 Remaining** 🔶 (~70 tests):
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- Most require Prosopite.pause for inherent operations
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- Some can be optimized with batch preloading
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- Focus on PostGIS, imports, and background jobs
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**Key Learning**: Not all N+1 queries are problems. Some are inherent to the operation (spatial queries, individual validations, background job iterations). The goal is to optimize where possible and accept where necessary.
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---
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**Last Updated**: October 1, 2025
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**Status**: In Progress (24/98 tests fixed)
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**Next Review**: After completing remaining fixes
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